Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, which are part of the digestive system. It typically begins as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, some of these polyps can turn into cancer. CRC is one of the most common cancers globally, but it is highly treatable when detected early. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and importance of routine screening can significantly prevent and manage the disease effectively.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the country. Despite these alarming statistics, early detection through routine screenings has proven to significantly reduce both the incidence and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer.

Early detection and prevention are key factors in reducing the burden of colorectal cancer. Routine screenings, such as colonoscopies, enable healthcare providers to identify and remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. These screenings can also detect colorectal cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable, and the chances of a full recovery are highest. 

Adopting a healthy lifestyle plays a crucial role in prevention, with regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limiting processed foods and red meat to lower the risk. Additionally, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption further contributes to reducing risk. Individuals can significantly improve outcomes and overall quality of life by prioritizing proactive measures and regular check-ups.

Who is at Risk? Key Factors to Consider

Age 

The risk significantly increases after the age of 45. New guidelines now recommend starting regular screenings at 45 instead of the previous threshold of 50. Early detection is vital for improving outcomes.

Family History & Genetics 

A family history of certain conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), can significantly elevate the risk. Genetic predispositions should not be overlooked, and individuals with such a history may require earlier and more frequent screenings.

Lifestyle Factors 

Unhealthy lifestyle choices play a critical role in increasing risk. A diet high in processed foods and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise, are all major contributors.

Racial Disparities 

Racial and ethnic disparities also impact risk levels. Studies indicate a higher incidence of colorectal-related conditions in African American populations, emphasizing the need for targeted awareness and prevention efforts within these communities.

Screening: Your Best Defense Against Colorectal Cancer 

Why Screening Matters 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) often begins as small growths known as polyps. These polyps can develop into cancer over time if left untreated. The good news is that screening allows for the detection and removal of polyps before they become cancerous, making it a powerful tool in prevention. Early detection through screening also significantly improves treatment outcomes if cancer is found. 

Screening Methods 

There are several effective methods for CRC screening, each with its own benefits: 

  • Colonoscopy: Often referred to as the gold standard, colonoscopy allows for both the detection and removal of polyps during the same procedure. 
  • Stool-Based Tests (FIT, Cologuard): These non-invasive tests analyze stool samples to detect signs of cancer or abnormalities that may require further investigation. 
  • Virtual Colonoscopy (CT Colonography): This less invasive imaging method uses CT scans to examine the colon for any irregularities or polyps. 

When to Start Screening 

For most adults, it is recommended to begin CRC screening at 45. However, individuals at higher risk—such as those with a family history of colorectal cancer, certain genetic conditions, or other risk factors—should consider starting screening earlier. It’s essential to discuss personalized screening options and schedules with your healthcare provider to ensure timely and effective prevention. 

Symptoms You Should Never Ignore 

  • Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or narrowing of stools. 
  • Blood in stool or rectal bleeding. 
  • Unexplained weight loss. 
  • Persistent abdominal pain or bloating. 
  • Fatigue and anemia (low iron levels). 

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult your healthcare provider promptly. While these signs do not always indicate colorectal cancer, early detection, and diagnosis are key to addressing potential issues effectively.

Prevention: What You Can Do to Lower Your Risk 

Taking proactive steps can significantly lower your colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Here are some key measures to consider:

  • Healthy Diet: Focus on a diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables while reducing your red and processed meat intake. These changes promote better digestive health and may reduce cancer risk. 
  • Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity to maintain overall fitness and a healthy weight. Staying active can lower inflammation and improve immune function. 
  • Quit Smoking: Smoking is a known risk factor for many cancers, including CRC. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce your risk and improve overall health. 
  • Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake is linked to a higher CRC risk. Moderation is essential to minimize this risk factor. 
  • Protective Measures: Taking specific protective steps, such as low-dose aspirin (under your doctor’s guidance), may help reduce colorectal cancer risk for some individuals. 

By incorporating these preventive measures into your lifestyle, you can actively reduce your risk of colorectal cancer and support long-term health. Always consult your healthcare provider before making significant changes or starting new medications. 

Spreading Awareness & Taking Action 

Participate in Dress in Blue Day on the first Friday of March to help raise awareness about colorectal cancer. Wearing blue serves as a reminder of the importance of prevention, early detection, and support for those affected. You can also amplify awareness by sharing information and personal stories on social media using the hashtag #ColorectalCancerAwareness. Encourage your loved ones to get screened, as early detection saves lives. You can set up a screening with our experts at NCDHP. Together, these actions can make a meaningful difference in the fight against colorectal cancer.